AN ANALYSIS OF BACTERIOLOGICAL OF WATER IN HALLS OF RESIDENCE IN UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
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INTRODUCTION
Water has an essential role in life and is inextricably intertwined with it; without water, there would be no life. Because of this, it is essential that water always get the appropriate amount of attention at all times. The provision of clean water for consumption is not a frivolous amenity but rather one of the most fundamental necessities of existence. As a result, the provision of potable water to all people has captured the interest of a great number of individuals, groups, and both public and private organizations. (Egberongbe, 2022). The use of water that is free of infectious organisms is an essential component in eliminating one of the primary channels via which infectious diseases are spread. Because of this, there has been an increase in investment all over the globe in the building of water systems that are intended to fulfill severe requirements for the quality of the water. (Saravanan , 2022). It is estimated that each year there are 4 billion instances of endemic diarrheal illness and 2.5 million fatalities as a result of the condition. A large portion of these cases and deaths are caused by waterborne pathogens, which include a range of viral, bacterial, algal, and protozoan agents. Saravanan , 2022). The ever-increasing human population has put a significant strain on the world's ability to provide clean water for human use, particularly in less developed nations (UAjayi , 2021). Unsafe water poses a concern to public health on a worldwide scale, putting individuals at risk for a variety of diseases, including those related to the digestive tract, as well as chemical poisoning (Ajayi , 2021). In the underdeveloped world, young children are especially vulnerable to the harmful consequences of drinking unsanitary water. More than 2 million people, the vast majority of whom are children less than 5 years old, lose their lives to diarrheal diseases each year. Ajayi . 2021). There is a correlation between hazardous or insufficient water supplies and sanitation conditions, which impact a significant portion of the world's population, and about 90 percent of diarrheal disease-related fatalities (Fitzmaurice, 2022; WHO 2019). It is estimated that 2.6 billion people do not have access to sanitary facilities that meet basic standards.
The University of Benin in Benin City is home to five primary residential halls for students (halls 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). In addition, the school has a number of different staff quarters, including a Junior Staff Quarter, a Senior Staff Quarter, a Dentistry Quarter, and a Doctor's Quarter. The water supply for these halls comes from borehole water that is kept in tanks located above ground level. The issue of environmental contamination caused by hazardous metals has recently started to raise concerns across the majority of the world's most important urban areas. The introduction of potentially hazardous heavy metals into the environment may result in geoaccumulation, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification. Heavy metals like iron, copper, zinc, and nickel, along with other trace elements, are essential to the healthy operation of all biological systems; hence, deficiencies or excesses of these metals may result in a variety of diseases (Fitzmaurice , 2022). In recent years, contamination of the food chain by heavy metals has emerged as a pressing concern due to the potential for heavy metals to accumulate in biosystems as a result of polluted water, soil, and air. Therefore, a better understanding of heavy metal sources, their accumulation in the soil, and the effect of their presence in water and soil on plant systems appear to be particularly important issues of present-day research on risk assessments. This is because heavy metals can accumulate in the soil and can have an effect on plant systems (Fitzmaurice , 2022). The soil, air, and nutrient solutions that vegetable crops grow in are the primary places from which they get heavy metals; the roots and leaves of the plants then absorb these metals into themselves (Fitzmaurice , 2022). The vast majority of our water supplies are being tainted by the introduction of alien substances that are originating from the surrounding environment. Effluents from industries and sewage treatment plants, as well as organic materials derived from plants and animals, are included in this category (Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, 2018). Inadequate environmental planning in conjunction with rapid urbanization and industrialization often results in the discharge of effluents from industries as well as sewage systems into lakes. Due to the fact that the lakes are unable to maintain their own cleanliness and so rapidly gather contaminants, their ecology is both intricate and delicate. Because to the presence of chemicals (such as soaps, detergents, and other similar products) and biosurfactants, the froth that forms during the rainy season in Bellandur Lake, which is the biggest lake in the Bangalore metropolitan region, has lately drawn a lot of interest from the general public. Since a few decades ago, wastewater that has been treated, partly treated, or not treated at all has been released into this lake, and the water from the lake has been utilized for agricultural purposes ever since (Saravanan ., 2022). Homeowners in rural areas are often accountable for the provision of their own water sources and the protection of those supplies. When it comes to the protection of these sources, there is no room for "taking the easy way out." Controlling the land use in the area surrounding water sources and implementing appropriate water treatment methods, where required, are both critical components in the process of protecting the quality of particular water supplies. The burden of ensuring that their families' drinking water is safe from contamination rests squarely on the shoulders of rural landowners. Several organizations are able to provide assistance in this area if it is sought out (Saravanan , 2022). The authorities in charge of public health in a given area are the best people to ask questions about applicable local regulations, the potential dangers to one's health posed by contaminated water, and the suggested procedures for taking water samples and conducting analyses to look for contaminants in drinking water. In some instances, local health authorities will examine the water samples of private citizens for the presence of common contaminants at no cost or for a very little fee. The homeowner is responsible for doing a comprehensive well water analysis, which is not a free service. Questions pertaining to the use of water may be directed to the state regulatory authorities that are entrusted with the management of water resources. They often also provide information about the availability of water sources in the state as well as the appropriateness of such sources. Typically, these bodies are also in charge of administering safety requirements for dams (Saravanan , 2022).
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